Exploring Long Cruiser Boards: A Comprehensive Guide
Intro
Long cruiser boards stand as a captivating segment within the expansive realm of watersports. These boards are not merely tools; they represent an intersection of art and engineering. As enthusiasts seek an engaging experience on the water, long cruiser boards have gained prominence due to their blend of design, performance, and versatility. This guide meticulously examines the features and utility of long cruiser boards, facilitating a comprehensive understanding for both novice paddlers and seasoned professionals.
Water Activity Overview
Long cruiser boards excel across various water activities. They provide opportunities for enjoyment and exploration whether one is gliding through tranquil waters or riding the waves.
Surfing
Regular surfing offers a thrilling dynamic as it allows riders to engage with nature directly. Long cruiser boards can help beginners gain confidence in balance and maneuvers. The wider profile lends stability, making it easier to paddle and catch waves.
Sailing
While sailing typically involves larger vessels, long cruiser boards can also be integrated into sailing practices, particularly in calmer waters. They offer an agile means of navigating close to the shore and can complement day sails.
Snorkeling
The buoyancy of long cruiser boards makes them a fantastic choice for snorkeling. They can support a person while enjoying underwater explorations, providing a floating platform that enhances comfort in destinations rich in marine life.
Paddleboarding
Paddleboarding is arguably where long cruiser boards shine the most. Their length and width ensure a stable platform, allowing for smooth paddling across diverse water conditions. Many users find that these boards provide a perfect balance between speed and ease of handling.
Tips and Techniques
Engaging with long cruiser boards requires an understanding of different approaches. Both beginners and experienced riders can benefit from learning safety measures and improving their skills.
Tips for Beginners
- Choose a stable board that suits your weight and height.
- Practice balance on land before venturing into water.
- Start in calm conditions to acclimate to the board.
Advanced Techniques for Experienced Enthusiasts
- Experiment with various paddle strokes to improve efficiency.
- Travel in challenging conditions to build confidence.
- Learn to perform turns and transitions to enhance maneuverability.
Safety Guidelines
- Always wear a personal flotation device.
- Stay aware of your surroundings and potential hazards.
- Never paddle alone, especially in unfamiliar locations.
Gear Reviews
When considering long cruiser boards, understanding the accompanying gear is essential. Some key products complement their use and enhance performance.
Surfboards
Different surfboards provide varying experiences on the waves. Brands like Lost Surfboards and Firewire have specific models suitable for long cruiser application, providing options for all skill levels.
Sailboats
For those integrating sailing into their water experience, brands such as Hobie and Sunfish offer lightweight sailboats that pair well with long cruiser boards.
Snorkeling Equipment
High-quality snorkeling gear, such as those from Cressi or Aqua Lung, can elevate underwater adventures while using a long cruiser board.
Paddleboards
Not all paddleboards are made equal. Brands like Red Paddle Co. and iRocker offer longboards designed specifically for stability and ease of use.
Wetsuits
Consider wetsuits from brands like O'Neill when venturing into cooler waters. They provide appropriate insulation while maintaining flexibility.
Ending
Long cruiser boards represent an accessible yet sophisticated vessel for recreational activities on the water. Understanding their design, applications, and the right gear is vital to maximizing the impact of each outing. As technologies evolve, these boards continue to adapt, securing their place in the future of watersports.
Intro to Long Cruiser Boards
Long cruiser boards have gained prominence in the recreation and sports sector, attracting a diverse group of enthusiasts. This section aims to establish the foundational understanding needed to appreciate the features, types, and advantages of these boards. Enthusiasts, whether new or experienced, benefit significantly from comprehending the nuanced characteristics that define long cruiser boards. Understanding these elements can enhance one’s riding experience, promote safety, and inform purchasing decisions.
Definition and Purpose
Long cruiser boards are elongated skateboards optimized for traveling smooth surfaces with greater stability and comfort than traditional skateboards. They typically span from 34 to 60 inches in length, designed primarily for leisurely rides and commutes rather than aggressive tricks. The purpose of long cruiser boards extends beyond mere transportation; they serve as a tool for relaxation, exploration, and even fitness. Their wider decks accommodate a more comfortable stance, making them appealing for riders who prefer a laid-back style.
Brief History of Cruiser Boards
The evolution of cruiser boards traces back to the early days of skateboarding in the 1970s. Originally, skateboard designs focused on tricks and performance; the concept of the cruiser board was a response to the desire for smoother rides on varied terrain. As skateboarding culture blossomed, manufacturers began experimenting with length, width, and material. The adaptation of longboards laid the groundwork for the modern long cruiser boards we see today. Over the decades, they have become integral to alternative forms of transportation, contributing to a shift in how people view personal mobility. Additionally, the rise of electric versions in recent years has reinvigorated interest in these boards, merging technology with traditional riding experiences.
Types of Long Cruiser Boards
Understanding the various types of long cruiser boards is essential for anyone interested in this mode of transportation or recreation. Each type offers different characteristics that cater to diverse riding styles and preferences. The knowledge of these types helps enthusiasts select the most suitable board for their specific needs and environments. From traditional designs to modern electric variants, each option has its benefits and considerations.
Traditional Longboards
Traditional longboards feature a classic design characterized by a long, wide deck. These boards typically range from 32 to over 60 inches in length. They are well-known for their stability and ability to handle smooth rides, making them ideal for cruising through neighborhoods or along coastal paths.
The materials used in traditional longboards often include maple, bamboo, or composite materials, resulting in a sturdy yet flexible board.
Key Characteristics:
- Stability: The wide deck provides a stable platform, especially for beginners.
- Ease of Use: The forgiving nature allows for easier balance.
- Customization: Riders can easily customize the wheels and trucks to enhance their experience.
"Longboards offer a unique blend of simplicity and functionality suitable for various terrains." - Longboard Enthusiast
Electric Cruiser Boards
Electric cruiser boards signify a significant development in longboarding technology. These boards come equipped with electric motors, allowing riders to achieve higher speeds without the need for pushing off manually. They are perfect for commuters and those looking to cover longer distances with ease.
Electric cruiser boards are fitted with rechargeable batteries, and many models allow use of mobile apps for speed control and performance tracking.
Benefits of Electric Boards:
- Speed: Electric boards can reach speeds up to 30 mph, depending on the model.
- Manual Efforts: They reduce the physical effort required, ideal for longer commutes.
- Varied Terrain Capabilities: Many electric boards are designed for off-road use as well.
Pintail Longboards
Pintail longboards are a specific type of traditional longboard, recognized for their unique shape that tapers at both ends. This design not only provides aesthetic appeal but also enhances performance, especially in carving practices.
The board's elongated shape and the positioning of the trucks make it highly maneuverable. Pintail longboards are favored for their ease in making wide turns and their ability to handle soft surfaces, such as grass or sand.
Features of Pintail Boards:
- Carving Ability: The design supports deep turns, which appeal to cruising riders.
- Lightweight: Generally lighter due to their shape and material choices.
- Versatile Riding: Suitable for downhill, cruising, and even casual tricks.
Key Features of Long Cruiser Boards
Long cruiser boards are designed to provide a unique riding experience that combines stability, comfort, and versatility. Understanding the key features of these boards is critical for anyone interested in both casual riding and more intense water sports. It involves recognizing how each element contributes to overall performance and rider satisfaction. The specific features can make a difference in how well a board handles in various conditions, thus enhancing its overall functionality.
Deck Construction and Materials
The deck is arguably the most critical component of a long cruiser board. The materials used in deck construction must balance durability and weight. Many long cruiser boards are made from materials like bamboo, maple, or fiberglass. Bamboo is lightweight yet strong, offering a degree of flexibility that can absorb shocks while riding. In contrast, maple tends to provide a firmer ride, contributing to stability at higher speeds.
Another consideration is the board's thickness. Thicker decks can handle more weight and resist warping over time, while thinner decks might offer a more responsive riding experience. Finally, the finish on the deck can influence grip. Typically, boards come with a grip tape or a textured surface to ensure that the rider maintains their footing.
Wheel Size and Hardness
Wheel size and hardness can greatly affect how a long cruiser board performs. Generally, larger wheels offer better grip and smooth rolling over rough surfaces, making them ideal for urban environments. Conversely, smaller wheels may provide more agility for tricks and tight turns but might struggle over uneven terrain.
The hardness of the wheels is measured on a durometer scale. Softer wheels, typically ranging from 78A to 87A, are better for cruising as they can absorb more impact, thus providing a smoother ride on rough surfaces. Harder wheels, usually above 88A, are faster and better for flat surfaces, but they can feel harsh on bumpy paths. Therefore, choosing the right wheel size and hardness is essential based on the type of riding one intends to do.
Trucks and Their Impact on Performance
Trucks play a vital role in the performance of long cruiser boards. They connect the wheels to the deck and are crucial for steering and stability. The width of the trucks should match the width of the board for optimal performance. Wider trucks provide a more stable ride while narrower trucks allow for sharper turns.
Material composition is also an essential factor. Aluminum is a common choice for trucks due to its balance of strength and weight. However, some riders may prefer magnesium or composite materials that can offer different performance characteristics.
Riders should also consider the angle of the kingpin. A lower angle allows for better stability at high speeds, while a steeper angle enhances responsiveness but may feel unstable at fast speeds. The choice of trucks should align with the rider’s personal preference for stability or maneuverability.
"The key features of long cruiser boards greatly influence rider experience and satisfaction. Make informed choices to match your individual riding style."
By grasping these essential components—deck construction, wheel specifications, and truck characteristics—riders can make informed decisions, enhancing their enjoyment of long cruiser boards.
Benefits of Using Long Cruiser Boards
Long cruiser boards are not just about style; they offer a wide range of practical benefits that enhance the riding experience for users. These boards optimize performance and provide comfort during rides, making them an ideal choice for both beginners and experienced riders. Understanding these benefits is essential for anyone considering long cruiser boards.
Stability and Comfort
One of the key advantages of long cruiser boards is their inherent stability. The longer deck length helps distribute weight evenly, contributing to a smoother ride. This makes it easier to maintain balance, especially for novice riders who are still acclimating themselves to the sport. In addition, long cruiser boards typically feature wider trucks and larger wheels, allowing riders to glide over rough surfaces with minimal effort.
For riders keen on comfort, the ergonomic design of the decks plays a vital role. Many boards have a concave shape, which secures the rider's feet in place, reducing fatigue during long rides. The materials used in deck construction, such as bamboo or maple, add to the overall comfort by absorbing vibrations and impacts from uneven terrains.
Versatility in Riding Environments
Another benefit is the versatility of long cruiser boards. Their design enables riders to navigate various terrains, from smooth pavements to gritty pathways. This adaptability makes them suitable for urban commuting, casual rides along the beach, or even to tackle some mild off-road conditions. Riders can enjoy the freedom to choose their environment without worrying excessively about the limitations of their board.
In addition, long cruiser boards can be used for multiple activities. Whether it's cruising at a leisurely pace or taking part in more active forms of riding, such as downhill boarding or carving, these boards meet diverse demands. This versatility ensures that users can get the most value out of their purchase.
Efficient Transportation
Long cruiser boards also function as practical transportation devices. Their lightweight nature makes them easy to carry, whether you're navigating through crowded streets or bringing them on public transport. Many models come equipped with carrying handles or straps, further enhancing convenience.
In an era where eco-conscious commuting is becoming more popular, using long cruiser boards is a sustainable option. They reduce reliance on motorized vehicles, helping to cut down on carbon emissions. Thus, riders not only enjoy the benefit of physical activity but also contribute to a greener environment.
"Choosing a long cruiser board not only enhances your riding experience but does so in a way that promotes an active and environmentally conscious lifestyle."
Overall, these benefits underscore why long cruiser boards have become favored among water sports enthusiasts and casual riders alike. As you explore the various options available, keep these advantages in mind to ensure you select a board that aligns with your riding goals and lifestyle.
Choosing the Right Long Cruiser Board
Selecting the appropriate long cruiser board is a crucial step for both beginners and experienced riders. The right choice affects not just performance but also enjoyment, safety, and the overall experience on the water. With a variety of options available in the market, understanding personal preferences and requirements helps in making an informed decision.
Identifying Your Riding Style
Understanding your riding style is the first step in choosing the right long cruiser board. Different styles require various board shapes, materials, and features.
- Freestyle Riding: This style focuses on tricks and jumps. A broader board offers better stability during tricks.
- Cruising: If you enjoy leisurely rides, a board with a flexible deck is advisable. This type enhances comfort over long distances.
- Downhill Riding: If speed is what you seek, a stiffer board with a lower center of gravity is beneficial. This promotes better control during fast descents.
Recognizing your preferred style not only aids in selecting the right board but also enhances overall riding satisfaction.
Assessing Board Specifications
Once you identify your riding style, assessing the specifications of long cruiser boards becomes essential. Key specifications include board length, width, and material composition.
- Length: Longer boards (typically 40 inches and above) provide greater stability, while shorter boards offer easy maneuverability.
- Width: A wider board gives more foot space which is important for balance.
- Material: Bamboo or composite decks can be lightweight but also affect durability. Consider how often you intend to ride and in what conditions. A board that is too light may not perform well in rough waters.
Evaluating these aspects ensures that you choose a board aligned with your needs.
Setting a Budget
Budgeting is a key consideration when selecting a long cruiser board. High-quality boards are available at various price points. Here are some tips to guide your decision:
- Beginner Boards: For newcomers, there are decent options priced between $100 to $300. These boards are often durable and provide a great introduction to longboarding.
- Mid-Range Boards: Priced between $300 to $600, these boards typically offer better materials and features suitable for regular riders.
- High-End Boards: Above $600, these boards often come with advanced engineering and top-notch materials catered to competitive riding.
Ultimately, your budget should reflect your riding intention and frequency. Finding a balance between quality and affordability will ensure satisfaction with your purchase.
"Choosing the right long cruiser board enhances not just the riding experience but also your level of engagement with the sport."
Being well-informed allows you to make choices that fit not only your riding style but also your aspirations in longboarding. This section aims to prepare you for a thoughtful selection process, ensuring the board you choose improves your performance and enjoyment.
Performance Metrics for Long Cruiser Boards
Understanding the performance metrics of long cruiser boards is essential for both new and experienced riders. Performance metrics help assess how well a board meets specific needs. This section delves into two critical aspects: speed and maneuverability, as well as durability and lifespan. Knowing these metrics can aid in making informed choices when selecting a board suited for various riding conditions.
Speed and Maneuverability
Speed is a primary concern for many riders. It is influenced by several factors, including board shape, wheel size, and truck configuration. Long cruiser boards are designed for cruising rather than high-speed racing, yet they still provide a distinctive speed experience. The shape of the deck can determine how efficiently air flows over it.
Maneuverability is equally important, especially in urban environments filled with obstacles. The board's length and the type of trucks significantly affect turning capabilities. A shorter wheelbase usually allows for sharper turns. However, it might compromise stability at higher speeds.
Riders should consider their environment to choose between performance and ease of handling. Frequent commuters may opt for a board that emphasizes maneuverability, while those looking for longer rides might favor speed.
"Choosing the right balance between speed and maneuverability can transform your riding experience."
Durability and Lifespan
Durability and lifespan are crucial for long-term riders. The construction materials play a vital role in determining how well a board withstands wear and tear. Decks made from bamboo or composite materials can offer superior durability compared to those made of cheaper woods.
Trucks and wheels also impact a board's overall lifespan. High-quality trucks, such as those from Tensor or Independent, can make a significant difference. Wheels that resist abrasions can last longer, making them a wise investment. Regular maintenance is also essential to ensure longevity.
A well-maintained board will not only last longer but perform better. Riders should make it a habit to regularly inspect their boards for signs of damage.
Essential Accessories for Long Cruiser Boards
Accessories play a crucial role in enhancing the functionality and safety of long cruiser boards. These items not only improve the riding experience but also contribute to the longevity of the board and its related equipment. For riders who want to maximize their time on the water, investing in the right accessories becomes essential.
Safety Gear
When it comes to water sports, safety is paramount. Safety gear acts as a protective barrier between the rider and potential accidents. Essential safety accessories include helmets, knee pads, and elbow pads. These items are designed to absorb impact and reduce the risk of injury during falls, which are quite common in this sport.
- Helmets: A good helmet fits snugly and offers maximum protection. Riders should look for ones that meet safety standards.
- Knee and Elbow Pads: These pads protect the joints from scrapes and bruises, making them necessary for any serious rider.
- Impact Vests: They provide additional floatation and impact protection, important for more extreme maneuvers.
Wearing safety gear can significantly reduce the risk of injuries and allow riders to focus on enjoyment rather than the fear of falling. Thus, integrating safety gear into one’s routine is vital for a fulfilling experience.
Carrying Solutions
Transporting long cruiser boards can be cumbersome without the right carrying solutions. Suitable accessories can make hauling your board simpler and safer. Various options are available to meet different styles and needs.
- Backpacks: Specialized backpacks designed for surfboards or longboards help distribute weight evenly, making it easier to carry over long distances.
- Trolley Systems: For those who travel frequently or require transport in urban settings, trolley systems with wheels can make a big difference. They save energy and allow for smoother transitions.
- Board Bags: Not only do they provide protection against scratches and minor impacts, but board bags also offer compartments for storing accessories and gear.
Maintenance Tips for Long Cruiser Boards
Caring for long cruiser boards is essential to get the most out of your riding experience. Maintenance extends the lifespan of the board and enhances its performance. Long cruiser boards are built for various terrains and conditions, so consistent upkeep is required to preserve their qualities. Proper cleaning, inspection, and maintenance ensure a smoother ride and increase safety, making it key for every rider.
Cleaning and Care
Cleaning your long cruiser board is not just about appearance; it plays a vital role in maintaining performance. Regular cleaning helps remove dirt, debris, and moisture. All these elements can negatively affect the board's components, such as the wheels and bearings. To clean effectively:
- Gather Supplies: Use a soft cloth, mild soap, and a soft brush.
- Clean the Deck: Wipe down the deck with soap and water to remove grime. Be careful with any grip tape to avoid damage.
- Wheels and Bearings: Remove the wheels if possible and clean them thoroughly. Bearings should be cleaned too. Use lubricant to keep them functioning well.
- Dry Completely: Ensure the board is dry before storage to prevent rusting on metal parts.
By keeping the board clean, you facilitate effective performance and increase both the board’s and your safety.
Regular Inspections
Regular inspections are vital to spotting any wear and tear before they become serious problems. Checking your long cruiser board should be part of your routine, especially before a ride. Look for:
- Deck Integrity: Examine for cracks or signs of damage.
- Wheels: Check for flat spots or excessive wear that might affect stability.
- Trucks: Ensure there are no loose components that might impact control.
- Bearings: Listen for unusual sounds while spinning the wheels to identify potential issues.
Performing regular inspections helps prevent breakdowns during use and ensures a safer riding experience.
Incorporating these maintenance tips will prolong the life of your board and improve overall performance. For enthusiasts, taking care of their boards is an investment that pays off in enjoyment and safety.
Long Cruiser Boards in Competitive Settings
Long cruiser boards have found their place not only in casual recreational use but also in competitive environments. This section elucidates the significance of competitive settings for long cruiser boards, focusing on their evolution as tools for racing and agility challenges. As the watersports community expands, the emergence of competitions specifically designed for longboards drives innovation. This aspect is crucial for riders aiming to improve their skills and adapt their equipment for performance.
Overview of Competitive Events
Competitive events for long cruiser boards vary in format and intensity. Events may include races on smooth terrain, skill performances, and obstacle courses. Riders often showcase speed and control, not only relying on their skills but also on the technical specifications of their boards.
- Racing Events: These can range from short sprints to cross-country races. Speed and aerodynamics play vital roles here.
- Tricks and Stunts Competitions: In these events, athletes perform their best maneuvers. Judges score based on creativity, difficulty, and execution.
- Endurance Challenges: These tests assess how well riders can maintain performance over long distances, emphasizing durability and rider stamina.
Such platforms enable companies to display their latest designs and advancements, marking a reciprocal relationship between competition and innovation in long cruiser boards.
Adaptations for Competitive Performance
For long cruiser boards used in competitive settings, certain adaptations are necessary. Adjusting features can enhance performance significantly. Here are some critical adaptations:
- Board Design: Competitors may opt for lighter models with a lower center of gravity to increase stability. The shape and flexibility of the board are also tailored to the specific requirements of the event.
- Trucks and Wheels: Companies may develop trucks that offer better turn response. Additionally, wheel hardness and size can be customized for different surfaces and riding styles.
- Custom Grip Tape: This modification enhances rider control during high-speed maneuvers.
- Weight Considerations: Ultra-light materials such as carbon fiber can be used to reduce overall weight without compromising strength.
These modifications allow riders to maximize performance, whether they are engaged in professional competitions or recreational events.
"As long cruiser boards gain popularity in competitions, the evolution in technology and design reflects the passion and dedication of riders and manufacturers alike."
In summary, long cruiser boards in competitive settings continue to drive advancements in design and performance. The significance of such events lies not just in competition itself but in the community that forms around shared interests and experiences.
Current Trends in Long Cruiser Boards
The realm of long cruiser boards is evolving rapidly, driven by advancements in technology, material science, and changing consumer preferences. Understanding the current trends is essential for enthusiasts who want to stay informed and engaged with the best options available.
Innovative Design Approaches
Design innovation plays a crucial role in the longboard market. Manufacturers are increasingly experimenting with different shapes, sizes, and materials to improve performance and aesthetic appeal.
One trend is the use of lighter yet durable materials. For instance, boards made from bamboo or composite materials are gaining popularity. These materials not only reduce the overall weight but also offer a unique flex that enhances ride comfort. Additionally, the introduction of concave designs allows for better grip and control during turns.
Another approach is the customization of board shapes tailored for specific riding styles. For example, some boards are designed for cruising, while others cater to downhill speed or tricks. This specialization helps riders choose boards that best fit their riding preferences and skill levels.
"Innovation in board design is not just about aesthetics; it profoundly impacts rider experience."
Rising Popularity of Electric Options
With the growth of urban mobility solutions, electric cruiser boards are becoming more prevalent. These boards provide an effortless riding experience, making them attractive for commuters and casual riders alike.
Electric models often feature enhanced power systems that allow for sustainable speeds while conserving battery life. Riders can typically travel longer distances without the fatigue associated with traditional boards. Battery technology is also improving. Manufacturers are optimizing energy density and recharge times, making electric options more user-friendly.
Moreover, the integration of smart technologies is notable. Many of these boards now include app connectivity, allowing riders to monitor speed, battery life, and even GPS navigation. This advancement enhances the overall riding experience and convenience.
In summary, both innovative design approaches and the rise of electric cruiser boards are shaping the present and future of longboard riding. Enthusiasts should remain attuned to these trends to ensure they are well-equipped for optimal performance and enjoyment.
Finale
Understanding current trends in long cruiser boards equips riders with knowledge that enhances their decision-making process, whether they are choosing a new board, considering upgrades, or looking to improve their riding experience.
The Future of Long Cruiser Boards
The evolution of long cruiser boards is an ongoing journey, shaped by shifting consumer preferences and advancing technology. Understanding the future of these boards is crucial as it helps enthusiasts anticipate changes and trends that may impact their riding experiences. Key elements like sustainability and technological innovation are significant in this discourse. They have the potential to enhance performance, improve the overall user experience, and address growing environmental concerns.
Sustainability Considerations
Sustainability is becoming an essential consideration in the design and production of long cruiser boards. As awareness about environmental issues increases, manufacturers are seeking materials and processes that minimize ecological impact. This includes using bamboo and recycled plastics, both known for their reduced carbon footprint. Consumers are also showing preference for brands that demonstrate commitment to environmental responsibility.
- Material Selection: Boards made from eco-friendly materials are gaining traction. Bamboo, for example, offers durability and is a renewable resource.
- Manufacturing Practices: Many companies are adopting cleaner manufacturing techniques. This not only reduces waste but also ensures safer working conditions for employees.
- Recycling Programs: Some brands offer recycling programs for old boards. This initiative encourages consumers to return their used boards instead of discarding them, promoting a circular economy.
Adopting these sustainability practices can offer brands a competitive advantage while appealing to a more environmentally conscious market.
Technological Innovations
Technological advancements are transforming how long cruiser boards are designed and used. Innovations such as smart technology and enhanced materials are pushing the boundaries of performance and usability.
- Smart Boards: The incorporation of smart technology allows for better performance tracking. Riders can now monitor their speeds, distances traveled, and even battery life on electric models through mobile applications.
- Improved Design: Advances in 3D printing technology allow for customized board designs, tailoring both aesthetics and functionality to individual preferences. This could lead to greater personal expression in design choices.
- Enhanced Safety Features: Innovations in safety gear, such as more effective helmets and pads, ensure better protection for riders, which is particularly crucial for beginners and competitive riders alike.
The future of long cruiser boards lies in the balance of enhancing ride quality and maintaining a commitment to sustainability. As the industry adapts to these important trends, it will shape not only the products available but also the broader watersports experience.
